1. Publication Draft North East Derbyshire Local Plan 2024 - 2044 (Reg 19)

11 Glossary Comment

A61 Corridor – An East Midlands Combined County Authority (formerly D2N2) Growth Deal project which set out infrastructure funding priorities to support economic growth, provide infrastructure improvements, reduce commuter journey times, provide sustainable transport routes and provide opportunities for major housing and employment growth.

Accessibility – The ability of people to move around an area and reach places and facilities, e.g. elderly and disabled people.

Adoption – The final confirmation of a development plan or Local Development Document status by a local planning authority (LPA).

Affordable Housing – Housing for sale or rent, for those whose needs are not met by the market. This includes housing that provides a subsidised route to home ownership and/or is for essential local workers. It must be of one or more of the following types, see definitions in the NPPF:

• Social rent
• Affordable housing for rent
• Discounted market sales housing
• Other affordable routes to home ownership including shared ownership, relevant equity loans, other low-cost homes for sale and rent to buy.

Ageing Population – A change in the age structure within an area, where the average age rises and a growing number of people live beyond the standard working age.

Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) – Areas designated by local authorities because they are not likely to achieve national air quality objectives by the relevant deadlines.

Amenity – A positive element or elements that contribute to the overall character of an area, for example open land, trees, historic buildings and how they relate to each other.

Ancient Woodland – An area that has been wooded continuously since at least 1600 AD. It includes ancient semi-natural woodland and plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS).

Ancillary Use / Operations – A subsidiary or secondary use or operation closely associated with the main use of a building or piece of land.

Areas of Multiple Environmental Sensitivity (AMES) – Areas where two or more significant factors (such as historic, ecological or visual importance) affect the land/sites within it (as defined by Derbyshire County Council).

Article 4 direction – A direction which withdraws automatic planning permission granted by the General Permitted Development Order.

Authority Monitoring Report (AMR) – Provides an assessment of the progress made against targets and the performance of policies.

Best and Most Versatile Agricultural Land – Land in grades 1, 2 and 3a of the Agricultural Land Classification.

Biodiversity – The whole variety of all living organisms including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, and the ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) – A Strategy prepared for a local area aimed at protecting, restoring, and managing threatened species and habitats, and conserving biological diversity.

Biodiversity Metric – A tool to be used for measuring biodiversity on development sites or changes in land use, which fall within the major planning application threshold.

Biodiversity Net Gain – Development that leaves biodiversity in a measurably better state than before.

Blue Infrastructure – Refers to all water-based natural and engineered features in a landscape, such as canals, rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and sustainable drainage systems, which manage water flow and provide environmental and community benefits. .

Brownfield Sites – Land which has previously been developed, encompassing vacant or derelict land, infill sites and land occupied by redundant or unused buildings.

Change of Use – A change in the way that land or buildings are used (see Use Classes). Planning permission is usually necessary in order to change from one ‘Use Class’ to another.

Climate Change – Long-term changes in temperature, weather patterns, precipitation, wind and all other aspects of the Earth’s climate. Primarily as a result of human activity like fossil fuel consumption.

Coal Mining Risk Assessment (CMRA) – A technical desk-based report required by Local Planning Authorities and the Coal Authority for planning applications in designated Development High Risk Areas. It evaluates historical mining legacy issues such as shallow unrecorded workings, mine entries, and mine gas to demonstrate that a site is or can be made safe and stable.

Coalescence – the merging or coming together of separate towns or villages or distinct urban areas to form a continuous built-up entity.

Community Facility – Facilities which provide for the health and wellbeing, social, educational, spiritual, recreational, leisure, or cultural needs of the local community.

Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) – A levy allowing local authorities to raise funds from landowners of developers undertaking new development in order to fund improvements to services, systems or facilities needed by the development.

Community Right to Bid – The right (under the Localism Act 2011) for local communities to request that certain assets are listed as being of value to the local community. If an asset is listed and then comes up for sale, the community will then have 6 months to put together a bid to buy it.

Community Right to Build Order – An order drawn up by the local community and made by the local planning authority (under the Localism Act 2011) that grants planning permission for a site-specific development proposal or classes of development.

Comparison Goods – Comparison goods relate to items not obtained on a frequent basis. These include clothing, footwear, household and recreational goods.

Conservation – The process of maintaining and managing change to a heritage asset in a way that sustains and, where appropriate, enhances its significance..

Conservation Area – An area of special architectural or historic interest, the character, appearance or setting of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.

Contaminated Land – Land that has been polluted or harmed in some way making it unfit for safe development unless cleaned, or the harmful effects reduced to an acceptable level.

Conurbation – A large densely populated urban sprawl formed by the growth and coalescence of individual towns or villages.

Convenience Goods – Everyday goods, such as milk, newspaper, food. Shops which hold these goods are usually close to people’s homes so people can make many visits during the week.

Countryside – The Countryside (or ‘countryside locations’) consists of all locations in the Plan area outside Settlement Development Limits as shown on the Policies Map. Where the Green Belt coincides with the Countryside, Green Belt policies also apply.

Custom Build Homes – A form of self-build homes which are facilitated in some way by a developer. It gives a more ‘hands off’ approach than traditional self-build.

EMCCA – The East Midlands Combined County Authority.

Decentralised energy – Locally generated renewable and low carbon energy usually, but not always, on a relatively small scale encompassing a diverse range of technologies.

Density – A measure (for residential development) of either the number of habitable rooms per hectare or the number of dwellings per hectare.

Deprived/deprivation – The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in society.

Design Codes – The National Planning Policy Framework expects local planning authorities to develop local design codes or guides, taking account of the National Design Guide and the National Model Design Code. This guidance sets out clear design parameters to help local authorities and communities decide what good quality design looks like in their area, based on local aspirations for how their area will develop, following appropriate local consultation.

Designated Heritage Asset – A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of assets, significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing and the historic environment record).

Development Plan – In North East Derbyshire this includes the NEDDC Adopted Local Plan and adopted Neighbourhood Plans.

Digital Derbyshire – A partnership with BT to lay hundreds of miles of fibre optic cable bringing faster broadband to parts of Derbyshire.

Duty to Cooperate – A legal test which requires cooperation between local planning authorities and other public bodies in relation to Local Plans. It is separate from but related to the Local Plan test of soundness.

Ecological Network – These link sites of biodiversity importance or existing and future habitats.

Economic Needs Assessment Study (ENA) – A study to provide assessment of future employment land requirements for office, industrial and warehousing, drawing upon predictions of job growth and other factors.

Employment Uses – Development falling within Use Class E(g), B2 and B8 as defined in the Town and Country Planning Use Classes Order 1987 (as amended).

Energy Hierarchy – A hierarchy which prioritises the conservation and efficient use of energy, and then the generation of energy from renewable and low carbon sources.

Enterprise Zone – A designated area that provides tax breaks and Government support to help increase economic development in an area.

Equality Impact Assessment – Measures whether the Local Plan and policies discriminate against any disadvantaged or vulnerable people.

European Site – Includes candidate Special Areas of Conservation, Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas, defined in the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017

Examination – The process by which an independent planning inspector examines a local plan, with any public recommendations, before publishing a report on its soundness.

Exception Sites – Small sites used for affordable housing which would not usually be allowed residential development.

Exception Test – Provides a method of managing flood risk while still allowing necessary development to occur. The Exception Test is only appropriate for use when there are large areas in Flood Zones 2 and 3, where the Sequential Test alone cannot deliver acceptable sites.

Exceptional Circumstances – These are needed to justify making a change to the Green Belt in a Local Plan, as required by the National Planning Policy Framework.

Five year housing land supply – As set out by the NPPF, Local Planning Authorities should identify and annually update a supply of specific deliverable sites sufficient to provide five years’ worth of housing land when set against their housing requirements.

Flood Risk Assessment – Assessment of the likelihood of flooding in a particular area so that development needs and mitigation measures can be carefully considered.

Flood Zones – National planning guidance sets out three levels of flood risk which can be mapped in zones. Zone 1 covers areas of little or no risk of flooding. Zone 2 covers areas with low to medium risk. Zone 3 covers areas of high risk. The Environment Agency produces and maps of these zones and updates them regularly.

Formal Greenspace – ‘Good’ quality greenspace which is well maintained and includes paths which are associated with recreation activities.

Fragmentation (spatial) – Separated urban spaces which are broken up by rural land or vice versa.

Geodiversity – The range rocks, minerals fossils, soils and landforms.

Green Belt – A designation for land around certain cities, towns and built-up areas which aims to control urban growth, keep land permanently open, and prevent towns and cities from merging.

Green Infrastructure – A network of multi-functional green space, both rural and urban, which is capable of delivering a wide range of environmental and quality of life benefits for local communities.

Green Space – An area of grass, trees or other vegetation set apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an otherwise urban environment.

Greenfield Land/site – Land which has never been built on before or where the remains of any structure or activity have blended into the landscape over time.

Greenways/ Green Networks – Are generally car-free off-road routes for shared use by people of all abilities on foot, bike or horseback.

Grey belt – land in the Green Belt comprising previously developed land and/or any other land that, in either case, does not strongly contribute to any of purposes (a), (b), or (d) in paragraph 143 of the 2024 NPPF. It excludes land where the application of the policies relating to the areas or assets in footnote 7 of the 2024 NPPF (other than Green Belt) would provide a strong reason for refusing or restricting development.

Habitats Regulation Assessment –Formal assessment of the impacts of a plan or project on specific nature conservation areas, namely Special Protection Area (SPA), Special Area of Conservation (SAC) or proposed Spas and Ramsar sites. The assessment is undertaken under the Habitats Directive and Regulations.

Health and Safety Executive (HSE) – A statutory consultee for planning applications around major hazard sites and major hazard pipelines. HSE sets a consultation distance around the major hazard site within which the planning authority must consult over relevant developments which are likely to lead to an increased population around the hazard.

Heritage Assessment – Provides information to understand the impact of proposals on the significance of any heritage assets affected i.e. a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions.

Historic England – A public body which looks after England’s historic environment.

Historic Environment – All aspects of the environment which result from the interaction between people and places through time. Including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora. Elements of the historic environment which hold significance are call heritage assets.

Housing Delivery Test –Measures net additional dwellings provided against the homes required. The Government publishes the results for each local authority in England annually.

Housing Market Area (HMA) – The geographical area which reflects the functional relationships of a housing market. The North Derbyshire HMA covers North East Derbyshire, Chesterfield Borough, Bolsover District and Bassetlaw District.

Housing Trajectory – A means of showing past and future housing performance by identifying the predicated provision of housing over a period of time.

Impact Assessment (Character and Visual) – Aims to ensure that all possible effects of change and development both on the landscape itself and on views and visual amenity, are taken into account in decision-making.

Impact Assessment (Retail and Leisure) – Undertaken for an application for retail and leisure use on the impact of the proposal on the vitality and viability of existing centres within the catchment area of the proposed development. The assessment includes the likely cumulative effect of recent permissions, developments under construction and completed developments.

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) – A ward level index made up six indicators (income; employment; health deprivation and disability; education skills and training; housing; and geographical access to services). The IMD can help to identify areas for regeneration.

Infrastructure – Basic services necessary for development to take place, for example, roads, electricity, sewerage, water, education and health facilities.

Infrastructure Delivery Plan IDP – The IDP identifies what physical, social and green infrastructure is needed, who will deliver the infrastructure, and when.

Land Availability Assessment (LAA) – An assessment which aims to identify land that may be appropriate for development (residential, employment or Gypsy and Traveller sites). It assesses the availability, suitability and achievability of potential sites. All sites identified are subject to assessment made in stages following the LAA methodology.

Land Instability – Land at risk of landslides, subsidence or ground heave due to the type of rock/soil of the land or from previous site uses such as coal mining. Failing to deal with land instability issues can result in harm to human health, local property, infrastructure and the wider environment.

Landscape Character – The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occur consistently in a particular type of landscape and give it recognisable identity.

Limited Infill Development – The development of a small gap within an otherwise substantially built-up frontage or group of buildings in a village, where the site is closely surrounded by existing development and where the scale, form and extent of the proposal would not significantly alter the character of the village, extend the built-up area into the countryside, or constitute a disproportionate addition to the settlement.

Listed Building – A building of special architectural or historic interest, graded I (highest quality), to II* or II.

Local Centre – Includes a range of small shops and perhaps limited services of a local nature, serving a small catchment.

Local Distinctiveness – The positive features of a place and its communities which contribute to its special character and sense of place.

Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) – North East Derbyshire falls within two LEP areas, the South Yorkshire Combined Mayoral Authority (SYCMA) and East Midlands Combined County Authority (EMCCA).

Local Green Spaces – Green areas of particular local importance identified for special protection according to criteria set out in the NPPF.

Local Nature Reserve – Habitats of local significance where protection and public understanding of nature conservation is encouraged.

Local Plan – Part of the development plan for a local area.

Local Settlement Gap (LSG) – North East Derbyshire District Council’s local designation of areas designed to maintain settlement identity.

Local Wildlife Sites – Local wildlife sites are non-statutory areas of local importance for nature conservation that complement nationally and internationally designated geological and wildlife sites.

M1 Strategic Growth Corridor – Provides excellent north-south road links between Junctions 28-30. The M1 corridor has supported significant economic activity around Junction 29a which was built to serve the Markham Vale Business and Industrial Park.

Major Development – For housing, it is defined as development where 10 or more homes will be provided, or the site has an area of 0.5 hectares or more. For non-residential development it means additional floorspace of 1000m² or more, or a site of 1 hectare or more, or as otherwise provided in the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015.

Master Plan – A type of planning brief outlining the preferred usage of land and the overall approach to the layout of a development on a site or group of sites. To provide detailed guidance for subsequent planning applications.

Mineral Consultation Area – An area identified to ensure consultation between the relevant materials planning authority, the minerals industry and others before certain non-mineral planning applications made within the area are determined.

Mineral Safeguarding Area – An area designated by a Mineral Planning Authority which covers known deposits of minerals which are desired to be kept safeguarded from unnecessary sterilisation by non-mineral development.

Minerals Application – Applications for mineral related developments, such as mineral extraction and ancillary works, quarries, peat workings and processing plants.

National Park – Designated by the Countryside Agency, subject to confirmation by the Secretary of State under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The purposes of national parks are to conserve and enhance their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage and to promote opportunities for public understanding and enjoyment of their special qualities.

National Planning Policy Framework – Sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. It sets out the Government’s requirements for the planning system only to the extent that it is relevant, proportionate and necessary to do so.

Neighbourhood Plan – A plan prepared by a Parish or town Council or Neighbourhood Forum for a particular neighbourhood area. Once adopted, the Neighbourhood Plan becomes part of the development plan for the area.

Objectively Assessed Housing Need (OAN) – Need of market and affordable housing in a District or Housing Market Area.

One Public Estate Programme – A national programme which aims to support and fund councils to help deliver property-focused programmes and utilising the Council’s collective assets.

Outline Planning Application – A general application for planning permission to establish that a development is acceptable in principle, subject to subsequent, approval of detailed matters. Does not apply to changes of use.

Phasing or Phased Development – The phasing of development into manageable parts, for example and annual rate of housing release for a large development that may need to be controlled so as to avoid destabilising housing markets and causing low demand.

Planning & Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 – The Act introduces:

• a statutory system for regional planning
• a new system for local planning
• reforms to the development control and compulsory purchase and compensation systems
• removal of crown immunity from planning controls.

Planning Condition – A condition imposed on a grant of planning permission or a condition included in a Local Development Order or Neighbourhood Development Order.

Planning Permission – Formal approval sought from a local planning authority to allow a proposed development to proceed, often granted with conditions.

Pollution – Anything which affects the quality of land, air, water, or soils which might lead to an adverse impact on human health, the natural environment, or general amenity.

Previously Developed Land (PDL) or ‘Brownfield’ Land - Land which has been lawfully developed and is or was occupied by a permanent structure and any fixed surface infrastructure with it, occupied by a permanent structure and any fixed surface infrastructure associated with it, including the curtilage of the developed land (although it should not be assumed that the whole of the curtilage should be developed). It also includes land comprising large areas of fixed surface infrastructure such as large areas of hardstanding which have been lawfully developed. This excludes land that is or has been occupied by agricultural or forestry buildings, land that has been developed for minerals extraction or waste disposal where provision has been made for restoration, land in built-up areas such as residential gardens, parks, recreation grounds and allotments; and land that was previously developed but where the remains of the permanent structure or fixed surface structure have blended into the landscape.

Protected Species – Plants and animal species afforded protection under certain Acts of Parliament and Regulations.

Public Open Space – Urban space, designated by a council, which fulfils or can fulfil a recreational or non-recreational role (for example, amenity, ecological, educational, social or cultural usages).

Public Realm – The publicly accessible external space including pavements, streets, squares, parks.

Reclaimed/Reclamation – Operations designed to return an area to an acceptable environmental state, whether for the resumption of the former land use or for a new use. Including restoration, aftercare, soil handling, filling and contouring operations.

Regeneration – The economic, social and environmental renewal and improvement of rural and urban areas.

Regionally Important Geological Sites (RIGS) – A non-statutory regionally important geological or geo-morphological site (ultimately relating to rocks, the Earth’s structure and landform).

Registered Parks and Gardens – Designated heritage assets of national importance which are registered for their special historic interest.

Renewable and Low Carbon Energy – Renewable energy is derived from naturally occurring and continually replenished sources such as wind, water, sunlight, biomass and geothermal heat. Low carbon energy sources are those which help reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional fossil fuel energy sources

Reserved Matters Permission – Within three years of approval of an Outline Planning Permission an application for the outstanding reserved matters can be made. This will typically include information about the layout, access, scale and appearance of the development.

Restrictive Condition (occupancy) – A planning condition “for regulating the development or use of any land under the control of the applicant”.

Retail Capacity Study – Provides evidence on shopping patterns and future retail needs commissioned jointly between Bolsover District, Chesterfield Borough and North East Derbyshire District.

Retail Floorspace – Total floor area of a property that is associated with all retail uses. Usually measured in square metres. May be expressed as a net figure (the sales area) or in gross (including storage, preparation and staff areas).

Retail Offer – The range and mixture of different quality, sizes and types of shop within or outside town, district and local centres.

Rounding Off - The development of land at the edge of a settlement that provides a logical and limited completion to the settlement form by filling an indentation or irregularity in the settlement boundary. Rounding off should relate closely to the existing built form and should not result in a significant outward expansion of the settlement or encroachment into the surrounding countryside.

Safeguarding/Safeguarded Zone – An area defined in Circular 01/03: Safeguarding aerodromes, technical sites and military explosives storage areas, towhich safeguarding provisions apply.

Scheduled Ancient Monument – Nationally important monuments that enjoy greater protection against inappropriate development through the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

Section 106 Agreements – Legal agreements under Section 106 of the 1990 Town & Country Planning Act, which are between a planning authority and a developer, or undertakings offered unilaterally by a developer, that ensure certain necessary extra works related to a development are undertaken.

Self-Build Housing – Housing built by an individual, a group of individuals, or persons working with or for them, to be occupied by that individual. Such housing can be either market or affordable housing.

Sequential Approach/ Sequential Test – A planning principle that seeks to identify, allocate or develop certain types or locations of land before others. For example, brownfield housing sites before Greenfield sites, or town centre retail sites before out-of-centre sites.

Setting (of a Heritage Asset) – Is defined as the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.

Settlement Development Limit (SDL) – A boundary drawn around a settlement which broadly reflects its built form and is used as a policy tool to define the area within or outside which a Local Plan policy will apply.

Settlement Hierarchy Study – Provides information about settlements in the district and the services and facilities they provide. The primary aim is to promote sustainable communities and provide an initial spatial strategy for the location of major development across the district.

Sheffield City Region – LEP that brings together the eight local authorities of Barnsley, Bassetlaw, Bolsover, Chesterfield, Doncaster, North East Derbyshire, Rotherham and Sheffield to work with businesses and other partners towards encouraging growth and economic activity to create a prosperous and sustainable City Region.

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) – A conservation designation denoting sites which are protected by law to conserve their wildlife or geology. These sites are designated by Natural England under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) – Non-subsidiary, independent firms which employ less than a given number of employees, usually 250.

Social Infrastructure – Facilities enabling social interaction and wellbeing including community, leisure, cultural, education and children’s services, adult care and health buildings and other facilities such as local shops, places of worship, pubs and post offices.

Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) – Areas defined by regulation 3 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 which have been given special protection as important conservation sites.

Special Protection Area (SPA) – Areas which have been identified as being of international importance for the breeding, feeding, wintering, or the migration of rate and vulnerable species of birds under regulation 15 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017.

Specialist Housing – Housing to meet the needs of groups of people who may be disadvantaged, such as the elderly, the disabled, students, young single people, rough sleepers, the homeless etc.

Starter Homes – New dwellings only available for purchase by qualifying first-time buyers which are to be sold at a discount of at least 20 per cent of market value, and less than the price cap of £250,000 outside Greater London.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) – A procedure which requires the formal environmental assessment of certain plans and programmes which are likely to have significant effects on the environment (set out in the Environmental Assessment of Plans & Programmes Regulations 2004).

Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) – Maps all forms of flood risk and forms the evidence base to locate new development primarily in low flood risk areas (Zone 1). Areas of ‘low’ (zone 1) ‘medium’ (level 2), and ‘high’ (level 3) risk are mapped using data collected from many sources including the Environment Agency and water utility companies.

Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) – An assessment of the level of future housing provision and the mix of housing required, prepared across the Housing Market Area.

Strategic Site – A site allocated in a Local Plan which is central to the achievement of the Plan strategy.

Sui-Generis – A term given to the uses of land or buildings, not falling into any of the use classes identified by the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987, (as amended), for example amusement arcades, launderettes, car showrooms and petrol filling stations.

Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) – A document which adds further detail to the policies in the Local Plan. SPDs can be used to provide further guidance for development on specific sites, or on particular issues, such as design. SPDs are capable of being a material consideration in planning decisions but are not part of the development plan.

Sustainability Appraisal (SA) – An appraisal of the economic, environmental and social effects of a plan from the outset of the preparation process to allow decisions to be made that accord with sustainable development.

Sustainable Development – The principle for meeting human development goals whilst sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services which the economy and society depend. The 17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development have shaped the world’s approach to growth and sustainable development until 2030.

Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) – Drainage techniques used to help return excess surface run-off for natural watercourses (rivers, streams, lakes and so on) without negatively affecting people and the environment. The type of system that would be appropriate will vary from small scale interventions such as permeable paving and soakaways that can be used in very small developments to larger integrated schemes in major developments.

Sustainable Transport/ Travel – Any efficient, safe and accessible means of transport with overall low impact on the environment which can also help to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. This includes walking and cycling, ultra low and zero emission vehicles, car sharing and public transport.

Town Centre Uses – These are uses that are commonly found in town centres including retail, social, leisure, office and cultural developments.

Transport assessment – A comprehensive and systematic process that considers and sets out transport issues relating to a proposed development, in the context of the vision for the scheme. It identifies measures required to support alternatives to the car such as walking, cycling and public transport, and to promote accessibility and safety, together with measures that will be needed to deal with the anticipated transport impacts of the development.

Transport statement – A simplified version of a transport assessment where it is agreed the transport issues arising from development proposals are limited and a full transport assessment is not required.

Travel Plan – A long-term management strategy for an organisation or site to deliver sustainable transport objectives through action and is articulated in a document that is monitored and regularly reviewed.

Tree Preservation Order (TPO) – A mechanism for securing the preservation of single trees or groups of trees of acknowledged public amenity value. A TPO prevents trees being topped, lopped or felled without the consent of the local planning authority.

Urban Sprawl – The uncontrolled or unplanned extension of urban areas into the countryside.

Use Classes – The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 (as amended) puts uses of land and buildings into various categories. Traditional Employment uses are covered by Use Classes B2 (general Industrial), B8 (storage and distribution) with offices, research and development, or any industrial process that can be carried out in any residential area without detriment to amenity included within use class E(g).

Viability – In financial terms, a viable development could proceed if there were no financial reason for it not to, in relation to development costs and returns. In terms of retailing, viability is a measure of a centre’s capacity to attract ongoing investment for maintenance, importance and adaptation to changing needs.

Vitality – In terms of retailing, the capacity of a centre to grow or develop its likeliness and level of activity.

Wildlife corridor – Areas of habitat (for example, along a hedgerow) connecting wildlife populations.

Windfall Site – Sites which have not been specifically identified in the development plan.